Construction of regenerators.



PATENTED JUNE 30, 1908? A. HERMANSBN. CONSTRUCTION 0F REGENBRATORS.

APPLICATION FILED DEU.7. 1905.

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I f, it is led into the Aand the secondary air UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEreE.

` AXEL HERMANSEN, OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK.

CONSTRUCTION OF RE GENERATORS.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that l, AXEL HERnANsEN, civil engineer, a subject of the King of Denmark, whose postal address is rhnaliegade 37, Copenhagen, K., ,l)e.n1nark, have invented new and useful improvements in the Construction of llegenerators, of which the. followingr is a. specification,

My invention relates to improvements in the construction of regenerators having flue systems fer the smoke of gases of combustion arranged in alternate superposedrelation, for retort and other furnaces, and has for its object to make them cheaper and easier to build than has heretofore been possible.

f In known manner, is introduced the primary air, which previously heated if desired, is conducted through the grate to the gasproducer, whence the gas formed passes into a combustion chamber, where it burns with the seconda-ry air, previously heated in the regenerator, and also, in known manner, the gases of combustion are utilized in heating the regenerator;l the invention consisting in the special construction. herein described of the regenerator.

The accompanying drawing shows, by way of exam ple, a regenerator constructed aceon ling to the present invention, as applied, to a retort furnace Figure 1 is a transverse section, F ig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section through right half of the furnace, and Fig. 3 shows a stainlard brick as used in building the regenerator.

The secondary air is introdm-.ed in front, near the bottom, into a line, @running length wise througlrthe. entire furnace; and, from this flue, the airis carried through horizontal transverse ihres, b, towards an inner chamber, c, extending lengthwise through the. entire furnace; here, the air aseends and passes into transverse lues, d, situated at a higher level, and from these, it enters an outer chamber, c, therefrom continuing its route so as to alternately pass towards the center of the furnace, and thence, at a. higher level, to Wards the sides, until, linally, through ilues, combustion chamber g, where it meets the )reducer-gas. rl`hus, the secondary air undulates or traverses to and fr0, while ascending, in the form of a band as Wide' as the furnace is long.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed December '7, 1905. Serial No.

Patented June 30, 1908.

The combustion gases, viz. the smoke, pass up along the retorts, on the side thereof nearest to the, center of the oven, and then downwards along their outer sides, thence, from the rear part of the furnace, through horizontal longltudinal llues, A, to a chamber, running along the front of the. fur-l nace; here, the smoke descends and enters the front end of longitudinal llues, C. situated at a lower level than the ilues, A, and conveying the smoke to `a chamber, D, at the. back of the furnace, \\'here the smoke descends again and enters longitudinal ilues, E. Thus, also, the smoke undulates or trav erses to and fro, while descending to the bottom of the regenerator, through a channel, i", to the hinmeyz 'li rom the a bove descriptim, it follows that, in the regenerator, the secondary air, and the smoke, follow, each their own wide undulating path, the width of the same being, for the secondary air, equal to the length of the regenerator; and for the smoke, equal to the breadth of the regenerator; the two undulating paths being so interlattieed that any 'llue of one system forms an intermediate layer between llues of the other system. As shown in the drawing, the wave lines followed by the smoke have. a distance from Vwave to wave double that of the wave lines described by the secondary air; thus` any secoinlary air-flue will, either, such as d, be situated between two different smoke-lines, E, or, such as l, be situated in the middle 0f one flue, G, dividing it up into two parallel superinmosed branches. The two systems of ilues being shaped like wide bands of slight depth compared with their area of cross-section, the lues get a large surface for the transmission of heat from the smoke to the. secondary air. 'l`he high ei'licienr-.y thus obtained in the regenerator is further subdividing the undulating a great number ol' arranged side lincreased by secondary air llues into inarrow ilues, which, being -by side, oil'er a transn'iitting surface very large in proportion to its total area of crossisect-ion. The same principle is applied to l the smolw-llues, and these are further subi divided by the secondary air-llues passing through any of them and dividing them into l parallel superimposed branches` 30 sided transverse channels.

l face, in combination 40 laid in similar manner.

5 than heretofore known, for a given volume and quantity of material contained in the regenerator, so that the application of the system Will mean considerably 'smaller Working expenses or first cost, as compared lo with the regenerators heretofore used.

The invention is especially adapted for places Where high level of the ground Water prevents the llues of the regenerator from being placed very low, in such cases, a

ll5 flue system according to this invention will 4make it possible to use a regenerator of small depth, and still have the saine factor of efliciency as when using larger regeneratorsl of the type heretofore known. The

same applies also Where old grate-bar furnaces are to be ducer furnaces, being retained. y Y

Another and very essential advantage of remodeled into gas-proi the old fire-brick arches regenerators of the system herein described is that they may be built very easily,

` air.

cheaply and safely by using standard blocks, having a square perforation lengthwise of the furnace, and, at top and bottom, open A course of several such standard blocks arranged end to end and side by side, is laid, thus forming several adjacent ducts lengthwise of the furnace, Which serve asflues for the smoke.

'Another course islaid on top of the first one,

and the transverse channels in its lower surwith those in the upper surface of the first course,` form flues for the secondary air; and other courses are By breaking joint inthe consecutive courses, offsetting them, for instance, half a block crossvvise of the furnace, intermediate spaces c e are left, alternately on one side and the other, each serving to connect two consecutive flues for the secondary air. intermediate spaces B D are also left for connecting the smoke ues as desired, as, for instance, by making recesses in the end Walls of the furnace.

The flue systems thus produced possess a great surface for the transmission of heat, are of low first cost and easy to build, and, besides, are gas tight and remain. so conthe interior bores stantly. Tightness between the several blocks at their meeting ends is secured by rabbeting their ends so vas to make them engage into each other. By means of such standard blocks may be builtregenerators of any desired vheight, length and Width,

being a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the standard blocks.

The capacity of the flue-systems for smoke and secondary air is determindd by thel Width and length respectively of the regenerator, but it may be further increased by connecting in parallel every two or three adjacent courses of llues, as is indicated on the drawing, by Way of example, for ever' tivo courses of the smoke-fines. lf desirel it is easy to cut out a section or belt of the system of flues for secondary air, for instance, at the rear end of the furnace, and utilize this section for heating the primary rlhe standard blocks may be made long enough to contain one or more transvei'se channels.

illlhat l claimas my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A regenerator including in combination a series of tubular blocks havin a single bore extending from end to end an having open sided channels extendin transversely across their surfaces but not completely around vthe f block, said blocks being arranged so that the' interior bores thereof form a iiue extending in one direction, and the channels thereof forni a laterally closed flue separated from the first and extending atan angle thereto.

2. A regenerator including in combination a series of tubular blocks having open sided channels extendinga transversely across their surfaces, said blocks being arranged so that the interior bores thereof form a sinuous flue, and the channels thereof form a sinuous flue extending at right angles to the first.

3. A regenerator including in combination a series of tubular blocks having open sided channels extendin transversely across their surfaces, said bloc s being Varranged so 'that thereof form aA sinuous flue, and the channels thereof form a sinuous flue extending at right angles to the first, said blocks being arranged in courses, some of which are offset sideWise to forni chambers connecting the sections of the ilues.

il. Tdor building regenerators or the like, an elongated tubular block having a bore extending from end to end and having between its eiids an enlarged open sided channel or channels extending transversely across the outer surface of the block but not cornpletely around cient cross-sectional area to provide a suitpassage for the gases, such blocks being adapted to be laid with their bores connected to form one extended liue, and With their surface passages connected so as to the saine, and being of suffiy form a second extended and laterally closed flue at an angle to the first.

5. .For building regenerators or the like, a tubular block ofrectangular form having a single bore extending from end to end and having between its ends enlarged open sided channels extending transversely across the Vupper and under surfaces of the block but nbt completely around the same,- such channels being of sufficient cross-sectional area to provide suitable passages for the fases, and such blocks being adapted to be my name in the presence of two subscribing aid with their bores connected so that the wltnesses. latter form an extended lue and their surface passages connected so as to form :L see-' AXEL HERMANSEN' 5 ond extended and laterally closed flue at Witnesses:

an le to the first. H, RIEF,

n Witness whereof, I have hereunto signed L. ANDREAJEN. 

